The Linking Directive

The Linking Directive allows greenhouse gas emission credits earned through the Kyoto flexible mechanisms (ie Joint Implementation and the Clean Development Mechanism) to be used for compliance by operators of UK installations covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme.

Joint Implementation

This allows countries or companies to gain emission credits by investing in greenhouse gas reduction measures and sequestration projects in other industrialised countries. The credits are called Emission Reduction Units (ERUs).

Clean Development Mechanism

This is broadly similar to Joint Implementation, but will allow investments in developing countries which have not taken on an emission target under the Protocol. The resulting credits are called Certified Emission Reductions (CERs).

Defra acts as the UK's Designated National Authority (DNA) for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and operates a simple procedure for issuing letters of approval for voluntary participation to prospective project participants. Please go to Defra's Clean Development Mechanism page for information, and if you wish to participate in a CDM activity. 

Defra was established as the UK's Designated Focal Point (DFP) for Joint implementation. The Government is not currently approving Joint Implementation projects in the UK, but can issue letters of approval to UK companies wishing to participate in Joint Implementation projects abroad. For more information visit: