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4.4 Specific Local Waste Streams
Strategic Priorities
The framework described above will be ultimately be applied nationally
and locally to develop plans and best practice for dealing with all
non-MSW wastes in Orkney and Shetland. However, there are certain specific
wastes that are likely to be particularly strategically important. These
include the following:
- Oil and gas industry wastes
Oil and gas industry-related wastes form one of the biggest
single industrial waste streams, and agricultural wastes (e.g. pesticide
residues) are soon to be brought under the regulatory control regime.
This latter development will have a major impact on crofters and agricultural
holdings throughout the island areas. Substantial quantities of fish-related
wastes arise in all the island areas and the local framework will build
on the on-going work being carried out by research organisations to
develop best practice for these wastes.
It is crucial that the WSAG develops the AWP ahead of
regulatory changes in such a way as to take proactive measures to prevent,
minimise and recover these wastes, and ensure their safe, cost-effective
disposal in the long term.
Action 26
Apply national guidance on BPEO assessment for non-MSW, with short-term
priority on oil/gas-industry related, fish and agricultural wastes.
Action 27
Consult with the agricultural sector in Orkney and Shetland to identify
key strategic waste management issues.
The Islands Waste Strategy Co-ordinator has been
appointed to lead development of a future Priority Waste Stream Project
on agricultural wastes. This will provide a direct link between these
local consultations and developing national best practice and other
areas,e.g. policy issues.
Commercial and Industrial Wastes
Table 4.2 below provides an overview of the various sources of industrial
waste in Orkney and Shetland, and some of the issues related to their
sustainable management, as identified by the Waste Strategy Area Groups.
Table 4.2 - Sources of Industrial Waste in Orkney
and Shetland
| Industry Sector |
Waste Issues |
Comments |
| Aquaculture |
Feed bags |
Now being replaced with bulk feed systems
that reduce plastic waste |
| Packaging |
Increasing requirement for shipping and
marketing. Producer responsibility implications |
| Mortalities |
Can be in relatively large numbers over
short time period with no notice |
| Planned culls |
May be due to disease or pollutants.
Ensilaging and export are common disposal routes |
| Net cleaning and disposal |
Special waste disposal facility required |
| Crofting/Farming |
Used veterinary products |
Special waste disposal facilities required |
| Herbicides and pesticides |
Special waste disposal facilities |
| Spent dips |
Can be special waste, Promotion of environmentally
friendly chemicals to minimise waste issue |
| Plastic |
Recycling opportunity, scheme involving
SAT |
| Fencing and wire |
Difficult to handle and bulky, generally
landfilled |
| Mortalities |
Require local burial
Agricultural sector preference for animal cremator |
| Planned culls |
May require export or mass burial/cremation
facilities |
| Decommissioning |
Combustible components |
Waste to energy facility, if suitable
or potential special waste disposal facility required |
| Inert components |
Local landfill facility required or recycling |
| Mechanical components |
May have potential for refurbishment
and reuse
Possible contaminants
Scrap metal recycling |
| Metal structural components |
May be utilised in civil engineering
works after dismantling/inspection
Dismantled for scrap metal recycling |
| Concrete structures |
Possible recycling for construction purposes
Possible contaminants
Landfill facilities required |
| LSA scale |
Transfer to suitable disposal facility |
| Chemical components |
Special waste holding facility pending
shipment
Special waste disposal facility required |
| Topsides |
Potential for refurbishment and upgrading
of sections for reuse |
| Energy production |
Redundant equipment |
Local scrap metal recycling
Likely to be special waste components for local disposal or export
|
| Oil sludges |
Local incineration or recycling
Special waste disposal facility required |
| Fish catching |
Landed ships waste |
Generally dealt with as commercial waste
Need for adequate handling facilities |
| Discarded nets and ropes |
Local landfill required
Novel recycling opportunities |
| Decommissioning of vessels |
Local landfill required
Scrap metal recycling |
| Engine and transmission oils |
Incineration/recycling or special waste
disposal facility required |
| Surplus or unmarketable fish |
Local recycling to fish meal/oil
Possible ensilaging |
| Fish processing |
Packaging materials |
Producer responsibility implications |
| Fish waste |
Recycling to fish meal/oil
Disposal to landfill |
| Klondike fleet |
Generally on the decline
Implications for increased waste arisings
Opportunities for novel recycling |
| Clinical wastes |
Certain wastes from hospitals, nursing
homes and domestic properties |
Hazardous exported to mainland for safe
disposal with lower levels sent to Waste to Energy plant |
| Knitwear/textiles |
|
Generally dealt with locally as commercial
waste |
| Offshore support |
Drill cuttings |
Reuse of base oil for drilling
Recycling of base oil as fuel
Recycling of civil engineering material
Special or inert landfill facility required |
| "Domestic" waste |
May be delivered as part of logistics
package
Waste to energy facility |
| Contaminated bulk materials, cement,
barite, and bentonite |
May be classed as special wastes, transfer,
treatment or disposal facility required |
| Process chemicals / wax |
Generally special waste transfer, treatment
or disposal facility required |
| Cable bobbins and containers |
Scrap metal recycling or refurbishment |
| Construction / demolition waste |
May be inert, combustible or special
requiring disposal via waste to energy or landfill |
| Oil processing |
General wastes |
May require local landfill to supplement
SVT site facilities |
| Landed ships wastes to jetties |
Waste to energy or landfill requirements
Special wastes may be present |
| Waxes and oil wastes |
Special waste transfer, treatment or
disposal facilities required |
| Civil engineering wastes |
Inert waste to landfill
Scrap metal recycling
Special waste transfer, treatment or disposal |
| Ports and Harbours |
Dredging and other navigational improvements |
May be used for land infill and reclamation
May require landfill facility |
| Landed ships wastes |
"Household" to waste to energy
Others as for fish catching |
| Dry dock and ship repair wastes |
Scrap metal recycling
Some special and red list products |
| Civil engineering wastes |
Inert waste to landfill
Scrap metal recycling
Special waste transfer, treatment or disposal required |
| Tourism |
Landed ships wastes |
As per fish catching |
| Population effects |
Seasonal increase in waste management |
| Cheesemaking |
Creamery Waste (Whey) |
Pumped into sea via new dedicated outfall |
| Milk/Ice cream |
Spills / washings |
Collected and spread on land under SEPA
licence |
| Meat Processing |
Blood/Offal from abattoir (also butchers'
waste) |
Blood currently by sewer to sea (to be
exported in future?) /Offal to Kintore for rendering |
| Brewery |
Solid Wastes (hops, etc.) |
Treated on-site via reed beds |
| Liquid Waste, washings, etc. |
Treated on-site via reed beds |
| Distilleries |
Distillery Wastes |
Formerly discharged to sea but currently
spread on land
Anaerobic digestion being considered |
| Scrap metal |
To local scrapyard |
| Manufacturing - Jewellery |
Jewellery - waste |
Some exported to Aberdeen for specialist
disposal (Shanks & McEwan). Others discharged to sewers under
SEPA consent |
| - recovered gold / silver dust |
Exported to Birmingham for refining |
| Manufacturing - Other |
Knitwear.textiles, etc. |
Generally dealt with as trade waste |
| Marine / General Engineering wastes |
Inert waste to landfill
Scrap metal recycling
Special waste transfer, treatment or disposal required |
| Glass fibre off-cuts/chemicals |
Trade waste |
| Ports/Harbours |
Ship wastes |
Generally dealt with locally as trade
waste |
| Certain wastes from hospitals, nursing
homes and domestic properties. |
Hazardous exported to mainland for safe
disposal with lower levels sent to Waste to Energy plant |
| Retail/Wholesale |
Packaging materials / plastics |
Some local re-cycling. Others via local
authority trade waste schemes. Some national retail chains return
to H.Q. for centralised re-cycling operation. |
| Redundant shopping trolleys |
Scrapyard |
| Garages |
Scrap metal / tyres / batteries |
Some reuse of tyres on farms/boats, etc.
Remainder to local scrap merchant for export/re-cycling |
| Waste oils |
To local waste oil burners or exported |
| Offices/Public Sector,
etc. |
Paper, card etc. |
Reuse/re-cycling as animal bedding |
| Used computer ink cartridges |
Sent for re-cycling either direct to
manufacturer of via local charity |
The Orkney and Shetland WSAGs have agreed to take forward
an integrated local framework for commercial and industrial wastes on
the basis of the priorities and issues identified by industry sectors
themselves. This will require further dialogue between the WSAG members
and industry representatives.
Action 28
Establish Working Groups in Orkney and Shetland to investigate and
develop BPEO for non-MSW.
In addition to the above locally important wastes, there
are a number of other wastes on which we have better data and information.
These data and information have come from specific SEPA-initiated 'priority
waste stream projects' (PWSPs).
4.4.1 Priority Waste Stream Projects (PWSPs)
Waste streams of national significance, which may require
national solutions, will be subject to a priority waste stream project.
This initially involves data and information collection that is then
reported. Of the 13 identified PWSPs for Scotland, construction and
demolition wastes, tyres, newsprint, and end-of-life vehicles have now
reported. The conclusions of these initial reports are summarised below.
Reference should be made to the full reports for the full set of conclusions.
4.4.2 Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste
The C&D priority waste stream study identified
that nationally around 37% of the landfilled C&D Waste could be
recycled. Realising some of this potential locally would create further
aggregate materials that could replace virgin aggregate currently used
for construction in Orkney and Shetland. Information on the current
infrastructure for this waste stream can be found within the SEPA Priority
Waste Stream Report (availability in Annex 3) or can be located on the
CIRIA Internet Register of Recycling Sites (http://www.ciria.org.uk).
Through improved resource management of the construction
industry, preventing or reducing the production of waste will have the
maximum positive environmental impact, through reduced resource use,
lower emissions and energy consumption. A full set of recommendations
is detailed in the Construction and Demolition Priority Waste Stream
Project Report - Data, Best Practice and Recommendations (see Annex
3 for availability). It is expected that fiscal measures such as landfill
tax and aggregates tax will provide further incentive to increase the
reuse and recycling of this waste stream and reduce the quantities being
landfilled.
4.4.3 Tyres
The national data study on tyres collected data from the
companies making up the tyre industry in Scotland (see appendix 4 of
the study). Nationally, around 3% of tyres are reused, 13 % recycled
(via retreading and silage clamps/landfill engineering), and 49% landfilled.
It should be noted, however, that since 1999 the situation has become
less bleak in that very few tyres arising in Scotland are now being
landfilled direct.
Implementation of the Landfill Directive will see a ban
on whole tyres to landfill by July 2003 and shredded tyres by 2006.
4.4.4 Newsprint
Newsprint is a significant component of municipal and
commercial waste streams, this project examined newsprint in the context
of its suitability for recycling, its quantity and potential to stimulate
large-scale industrial investment in Scotland, through the manufacture
of newsprint from recovered materials.
The total newsprint waste arisings in Scotland in 1999
is estimated to have been approximately 240 000 tonnes - 6% printers
waste, 11% over issue to sales outlets and 83% post consumer (based
on sales data). Recovery of newsprint is estimated at 75% printers waste,
100% of over issues and 14% of post consumer newsprint arisings for
the whole of Scotland.
4.4.5 End-of Life-Vehicles (ELVs)
There are two different categories of this waste stream:
- Premature ELVs - processed by insurance
companies, end of life determined by damage as a result of an accident,
fire, flood or theft.
- Old ELVs - processed by local authorities
and private owners/vehicle retailers, determined when a vehicle comes
naturally to the end of its life, when it is between 10 and 14 years
old.
The report identifies Best Practice under the requirements
of the End-of-Life Vehicle Directive that includes:
- Recycling/recovering component parts before shredding
- Recycling/recovering material from shredder residue.
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