Questions and answers

Why does SEPA have a charging scheme?
We must recover the costs of our work from those we regulate. Currently charges recover approximately half of our costs. The remainder is provided by the Scottish Government.

Why do I have to pay an application fee?
The application fee is a one-off charge and covers the costs of processing your application.

What is a subsistence charge?
A subsistence charge is an annual bill. You have to pay subsistence charges if you hold a SEPA licence. Subsistence charges are sent out every year to cover SEPA’s ongoing work in regulation and environmental monitoring. SEPA bills twice a year, in April and October, for licences under the Controlled Activities Regulations.

Who is affected by the charges?
All industry sectors that discharge, abstract or impound water above certain thresholds have to pay subsistence charges whilst holding a SEPA licence. This includes distilleries, fish farms, hydro power schemes and other industry. Engineering licences could require subsistence charges for up to five years, depending on the activity being undertaken. Other activities for which licence holders pay subsistence charges include waste activities, emissions to air and land and for the use and disposal of radioactive materials.

Are there any exceptions to charges?
We do not propose to have annual charges for small scale activities. For example, we will not normally require annual charges for abstractions less than 50 cubic metres per day (the average water use of 250 people). We will not normally charge for small sewage discharges from less than 15 people. Similarly, we will not charge for small hydropower schemes which are for domestic or communal use; nor will we charge operators of small dams or weirs.

We do not think that people who undertake work to directly improve the environment should be subject to charges. Consequently, we will not impose annual charges upon activities such as river restoration or wetland creation.

Why has SEPA extended charges to new operators?
The Controlled Activities Regulations mean that SEPA is responsible for regulating the construction and operation of dams, abstraction of water and engineering work affecting rivers and lochs. This is in addition to SEPA’s responsibility for controlling pollution from discharges to the water environment.

Why are these additional controls needed?
In order to deliver improvements in the water environment SEPA needs to be able to tackle the main causes of environmental harm. Forty-five per cent of Scotland’s water environment is potentially damaged by human activity; only 10% of this damage is caused by polluting discharges. The rest of the impacts are associated with diffuse pollution, dams, abstractions and engineering work. These controls will enable us to deliver thousands of kilometres of improvements providing benefits for fishing, recreation and commercial use of high quality water.

How was the charging scheme designed?
SEPA spent two years working with a group of stakeholders who contributed to the design of the charging scheme. As far as SEPA is aware, this is the first time that a public body has designed its charging scheme with the involvement of those affected by it.

How is SEPA’s charging scheme agreed?
SEPA consulted on the Water Environment Charging scheme and responses to it were considered by ministers who advised SEPA of any changes they wished us to make to the proposed scheme. Ministers approved the final scheme on 30 March 2006.

How does SEPA ensure that it spends its resources effectively and that the charging scheme figures are fair and correct?
The additional resources needed to deliver these new responsibilities have been subject to rigorous review by stakeholders. SEPA’s proposals and figures are subject to external audit and public consultation prior to final approval by Scottish ministers. This ensures that the calculations used to project the resources needed are correct. To ensure we are only delivering what is required, the Scottish Government also reviews our overall performance and objectives.

What do we use the money for?
About 60% of the resources will be used to monitor the condition of the water environment. The remaining 40% will be used to support our regulatory responsibilities.

  • Environmental monitoring: SEPA monitors environments associated with, and affected by, regulated activities. We do this by:

    * managing the extent to which rivers are subject to damage by pollution, abstraction and engineering works;

    * monitoring the flows of groundwater, rivers and levels in lochs;

    * assessing ecological conditions at 1,350 sites across Scotland, including data on fish populations;

    * using all this information to report on the state of Scotland’s environment.
  • Regulation: SEPA is responsible for ensuring that the controlled activities do not cause harm to the water environment and to ensure that new activities do not compromise the interests of other water users. We do this by undertaking the following activities:

    * setting conditions in licences to improve the way discharges, abstractions, dams and engineering works are managed;

    * carrying out site visits to check compliance with conditions as specified in the licence;

    * looking at data returns from licence holders and assessing whether licences are being complied with;

    * checking areas where over-abstraction has taken place, to assess how to reduce the impacts (this involves promoting good water use practice and phasing abstractions so that they do not all occur at the same time);

    * reviewing licences to change conditions so that the water environment does not suffer;

    * taking enforcement action against operators who do not have a licence or who operate outside the terms of their licence.

How does the charging scheme allocate costs between operators?
SEPA has worked hard to ensure that the charges reflect the risk of harm to the environment. For example, charges are lower for smaller volume abstractions and abstractions that return water to the environment (eg from a fish farm), compared with activities where much of the water used is not returned (eg water supply). 

Similarly, we charge more for engineering work that involves dredging a kilometre of river, compared to erosion control work on half a kilometre of river bank. We consider that this is a fair way of allocating costs.

Why is a much bigger farm close to me charged less? And how do you arrive at the figure on my bill?
The charge is based on the level of environmental risk associated with the activity. For example, if you abstract water you pay more if you a) abstract more, b) abstract in the summer or c) you don’t return the water.

Is the subsistence charge worked out like a water meter in a house?
No, we don’t charge just by the volume used. We modify the charge depending upon the level of risk posed to the environment.

Why has my bill increased from last year?
SEPA recovers its costs through charging schemes. The 2005 consultation on the water environment charging scheme outlined SEPA's proposal to progressively introduce the new regime over the first two years. As a result, charges were increased in 2007/08 to account for the additional work involved in regulation and environmental monitoring of discharges, abstractions, impoundments and engineering activities. Charge increases in each of the next two years will be less than the rate of inflation.

Is the charge going to go up each year?
As with other industries or businesses SEPA regularly reviews its costs and charges. Any proposed increases above the Retail Price Index (RPI) increase must be subject to public consultation and require the approval of Scottish ministers. However, the good news is that we are currently anticipating increases for the next two years (2008/09 and 2009/10) will be below the annual RPI increase.

If I decide not to pay my bill, what will the repercussions be?
It is a legal requirement for you to pay; if you choose not to do so then SEPA could seek payment through the courts. In addition your licence to carry out your activity will not be valid.

Do I have to do anything else?
You may be asked to send in returns on how much water you use, but only if this is specified in your licence.

What happens if the estimated amount of water abstracted differs from the licensed figures?
If you need to abstract more water, you will have to apply to review your licence so that more water can be abstracted. It is illegal to abstract more than indicated on the licence and SEPA could take enforcement action against you.

If you are abstracting less than the licensed volume then a licence review may reduce your charges. We would advise discussing this with your local SEPA office.

I paid for an abstraction licence when they were discounted but I am not planning to use it, this year or next; is there still a subsistence charge?
There will be no subsistence charges to pay for next year if you write and tell us in advance (write between December and February each year. If you fail to notify us during this period then charges will be invoiced and due. We will confirm receipt and acceptance of your notification, however, if we do not confirm acceptance before the end of February please contact us urgently. It will not be possible to offer this exemption if applications are not lodged by the end of February. This exemption is available each year, but must be renewed annually.

How long does my licence last if I don’t use it?
There is no time limit on the licence, but if you do not use a licence and other people need to abstract the water then the licence could be revoked.

Queries:
If you have any questions about your bill, please contact your local SEPA office.