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There are a number of significant environmental problems caused by a number of pressures, including diffuse and point source pollution, alterations to beds, banks and shores, alterations to water levels and flows and the presence of invasive non-native species. In order to measure these pressures and their potential effects, we use an aquatic classification system which covers rivers, lochs, estuaries, coastal and groundwater bodies. These are split into management units called water bodies, with a classification produced for each body (the number of water bodies between years varies slightly, as some water body boundaries are reviewed to ensure that they can be managed appropriately). We produce an annual Water Framework Directive (WFD) Classification for all the water bodies in Scotland. Classification results for 2007 to the current year can be found on the Water Classification Hub. Read the State of Scotland's Water Environment 2024 summary report (MS Word, 1.17 MB). Most of our water environment is already in a good condition and subject to fewer pressures than most other E

BETA - How we work

Good environmental practices can lead to economic benefits for business and for Scotland. To support this, we’ve established multi-disciplinary and specialist teams to help us achieve our ambitious vision for Scotland’s environment.

Good environmental practices can lead to economic benefits for business and for Scotland. To support this, we’ve established multi-disciplinary and specialist teams to help us achieve our ambitious vision for Scotland’s environment. We produce an annual Water Framework Directive (WFD) Classification for all the water bodies in Scotland. Classification results for 2007 to the current year can be found on the Water Classification Hub. Read the State of Scotland's Water Environment 2024 summary report (MS Word, 1.17 MB). Most of our water environment is already in a good condition and subject to fewer pressures than most other E

Technical guidance

Further technical guidance This page brings together a number of ancillary guidance documents and previous email bulletin information relating to modelling of marine fish-farms for CAR licence applications. Auxiliary biomass sampling transect In areas where the tidal residual current is weak, the auxiliary transect (site-specific sampling 2) may be aligned along a bearing reciprocal to the primary

Modelling

Marine aquaculture modelling Computer modelling is used as a guide to determining licensed discharge quantities of anti-parasitic chemicals and organic waste arising from marine fish-farm operations. The modelling tools promoted by SEPA provide robust predictions in most cases, requiring relatively little site-specific information. Nevertheless, the quality of the model outputs is dependent upon g

Water

Scotland's water is famed worldwide. It's critical in the production and branding of some of our biggest exports, and a big draw for tourists. The water environment in Scotland is generally in good condition. However, there are environmental problems, including diffuse pollution, discharges of waste water, abstractions and historic physical alterations. The management of water plays a significant

Land

Through its ability to filter and retain nutrients, land helps to protect air and water quality, support habitats and enhance biodiversity. Healthy, well-managed land also plays an important part in flood risk management.

Through its ability to filter and retain nutrients, land helps to protect air and water quality, support habitats and enhance biodiversity. Healthy, well-managed land also plays an important part in flood risk management. We are transitioning to a new website, and some content from this section is now on our Beta site. Land quality – defined by its ability to sustain and fulfil a variety of uses – is vital to health and wellbeing. Through its ability to filter and retain nutrients, land helps to protect air and water quality, support habitats and enhance biodiversity. Healthy, well-managed land also plays an

Preparing an emergency flood plan for your reservoir

Guidance on preparing an onsite emergency flood plan for a reservoir.

Guidance on preparing an onsite emergency flood plan for a reservoir. All reservoirs which store water behind a dam are at risk of deterioration, which can lead to flooding. To prepare for this — and help protect reservoir workers, those living in the surrounding area, and our environment — all reservoirs should have an onsite emergency flood plan in place. An onsite emergency flood plan helps you prepare for an actual or potential uncontrolled release of water from

Airborne Hazards Emergency Response (AHER)

The Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire in 2005, also known as the Buncefield incident, highlighted the need for a specialised unit to coordinate the response to such air pollution events. This led to the creation of the Air Quality Cell (AQC) for England and Wales followed by the Airborne Hazard Emergency Response (AHER) in Scotland. During major incidents it is AHER that ensures a comprehens

Inner Clyde Estuary monitoring buoy, Firth of Clyde

Continuous water quality monitoring equipment was deployed in the inner Clyde estuary adjacent to Govan in 2011. Low dissolved oxygen concentrations are known to occur in the inner Clyde estuary at this location as a result of the decomposition of organic wastes from discharges and urban run off. Limited mixing between fresh water and more dense saltwater leads to large differences between the sal

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Aquatic Classification